快色直播

In Cities of Gods, J枚rg R眉pke offers an entirely new vision of the history of religion鈥攐ne in which religion has shaped cities and cities have shaped religion. R眉pke shows how religious actions and ideas have produced cities since urbanization began some 6,000 years ago鈥攁nd how cities have, in turn, changed religious practices. Cities have created new mass rituals that instill the idea of an encompassing community; priestly hierarchies, religious organizations, and globalized religious traditions follow. Urban religion, R眉pke argues, helps people in cities build a world and an identity that make living in a risky and powerful space more bearable.

R眉pke explores early processes of urbanization in Mesopotamia and Asia, showing how people鈥檚 willingness to live differently creates urban space. In examining the dynamic relationship between urban and religious change, R眉pke considers the differences and commonalties of cities including Uruk, Jerusalem, Vanarasi, Chang鈥檃n, Cairo, Lhasa, and Kyoto. The construction of monuments, the embellishment and appropriation of beliefs and rituals, the inclusion of ancestors and deities in social life: each offers a different lens for a history of the city that is also a history of religion. Much of what we consider characteristic of religion and religious practices comes not from the lone cry of a prophet or the prayer of a saint but from an urban religion built from the solidarity of people living in cities.