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Do we live inside a simulated reality or a pocket universe embedded in a larger structure about which we know virtually nothing? Is consciousness a purely physical matter, or might it require something extra, something nonphysical? According to the philosopher Eric Schwitzgebel, it鈥檚 hard to say. In The Weirdness of the World, Schwitzgebel argues that the answers to these fundamental questions lie beyond our powers of comprehension. We can be certain only that the truth鈥攚hatever it is鈥攊s weird. Philosophy, he proposes, can aim to open鈥攖o reveal possibilities we had not previously appreciated鈥攐r to close, to narrow down to the one correct theory of the phenomenon in question. Schwitzgebel argues for a philosophy that opens.

According to Schwitzgebel鈥檚 鈥淯niversal Bizarreness鈥� thesis, every possible theory of the relation of mind and cosmos defies common sense. According to his complementary 鈥淯niversal Dubiety鈥� thesis, no general theory of the relationship between mind and cosmos compels rational belief. Might the United States be a conscious organism鈥攁 conscious group mind with approximately the intelligence of a rabbit? Might virtually every action we perform cause virtually every possible type of future event, echoing down through the infinite future of an infinite universe? What, if anything, is it like to be a garden snail? Schwitzgebel makes a persuasive case for the thrill of considering the most bizarre philosophical possibilities.

Listen in: The Weirdness of the World